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Scientific Knowledge Object Ontology - SKOO

Metadata

URI
http://purl.org/net/skoo
Creator(s)
Vincenzo Daponte, Gilles Falquet
Contributor(s)
Giuseppe Cosenza
Version URI
http://purl.org/net/skoo/skoo.owl
Imports
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl
http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns
Rights
© 2020 University of Geneva, all rights reserved
Ontology RDF
RDF (xml)

Description

This ontology describes scientific knowledge. This ontology should be able to expresses high level concepts in order to effectively describe scientific concepts from different disciplines through different classes and possibly far from each other such.

Table of Contents

  1. Classes
  2. Object Properties
  3. Annotation Properties
  4. Namespaces
  5. Legend

Overview

Pictures say 1,000 words
Figure 1: Ontology overview

Classes

Algorithmc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Algorithm
Description

A series of steps taken to complete a task.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Methodc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Statementc

Alphabetc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Alphabet
Description

The set of character that includes letters used when writing in a language.

(source: wiktionary)

Super-classes skoo:LanguageDefinitionObjectc

Analysisc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Analysis
Description

Decomposition into components in order to study a complex thing (such as a dataset, a concept or a theory).

(source: wiktionary)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Assertionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Assertion
Description

A declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary).

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Assumptionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Assumption
Description

A statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc
Sub-classes skoo:Conditionc

Axiomc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Axiom
Description

A proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Body of knowledgec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#BodyOfInformation
Description

A body of information is a collection of information that is managed together as a unit.

(source: simplicable.com)

Super-classes skoo:SciInformationObjectc
Restrictions skoo:expressesop exactly 1 skoo:KnowledgeContentc

Clausec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Clause
Description

An expression including a subject and predicate functioning as a part of a complex sentence.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Sentencec

Comparisonc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Comparison
Description

The act of examining resemblances.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Conditionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Condition
Description

An assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Assumptionc

Conjecturec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Conjecture
Description

A hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence).

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Hypothesisc

Definitionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Definition
Description

A concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Diagrammatic objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#DiagrammaticObject
Description

An object shown or represented by diagrams.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciInformationObjectc

Domain objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#DomainObject
Description

A domain object is an object studied in a scientific domain. For instance, particle physics studies Particles, their Interactions, their Composition, etc. whereas Topology studies Topological Spaces, their Relations, their Transformations, etc.

Sub-classes skoo:Geographical_Objectc
skoo:Sociological_Objectc
skoo:other_Domain_Object_Examplesc
skoo:Particle_Physics_Objectc

Equationc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Equation
Description

A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Formulac

Estimationc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Estimation
Description

A judgment of the qualities of something or somebody, or an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Examplec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Example
Description

An item of information that is typical of a class or group and that is a representative form or pattern.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Executionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Execution
Description

The act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order or instruction.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Experimentationc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Experimentation
Description

The act of conducting a controlled test or investigation.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Investigationc

Extractionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Extraction
Description

The action of taking out something.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Findingc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Finding
Description

Something that is found.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Formal expressionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#FormalExpression
Description

An expression (sequence of symbols) that belongs to a formally defined language.

Super-classes skoo:SciInformationObjectc
Sub-classes skoo:Formulac

Formulac

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Formula
Description

A group of symbols that make a mathematical statement.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:FormalExpressionc
Sub-classes skoo:Equationc

Geographical objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Geographical_Object
Super-classes skoo:DomainObjectc

Grammarc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Grammar
Description

A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language

(source: wiktionary)

Super-classes skoo:LanguageDefinitionObjectc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Phrasec

Hypothesisc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Hypothesis
Description

A proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc
Sub-classes skoo:Conjecturec

Investigationc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Investigation
Description

The work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc
Sub-classes skoo:Experimentationc
skoo:Surveyc
skoo:Studyc

Knowledge contentc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#KnowledgeContent
Description

A Knowledge content is a set of scientific knowledge items.

Super-classes (Nbc6c4ddae5a144c89a5206e0590b5db1c and Nf65c9cede2b14477b7c8c7f9ba9331a6c)

Language definition objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#LanguageDefinitionObject
Description

An object that serves to define a language, such as a Grammar, Vocabulary, Alphabet. It is not a Language definition however a language definition uses Language definition objects.

Sub-classes skoo:Vocabularyc
skoo:Grammarc
skoo:Symbolc
skoo:Alphabetc
skoo:Notationc

Lawc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Law
Description

A generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Linguistic objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#LinguisticObject
Super-classes skoo:SciInformationObjectc
Restrictions skoo:expressesop some skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc
Sub-classes skoo:Wordc
skoo:Termc
skoo:Phrasec

Measuringc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Measuring
Description

The act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Methodc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Method
Description

A way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc
Sub-classes skoo:Techniquec
skoo:Algorithmc

Modelc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Model
Description

--gf

A simplified description, in general a formal one, of a system or process to assist calculation or prediction

Super-classes skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Statementc

Notationc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Notation
Description

A system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in an art or science or in mathematics or logic to express technical facts or quantities.

(source: wiktionary)

Super-classes skoo:LanguageDefinitionObjectc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Alphabetc
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Symbolc

Observationc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Observation
Description

Result of the act of observing.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc
Restrictions skoo:generatedByop some skoo:Observingc

Observingc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Observing
Description

Discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Outcomec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Outcome
Description

A phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Particle_Physics_Objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Particle_Physics_Object
Super-classes skoo:DomainObjectc

Phrasec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Phrase
Description

An expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:LinguisticObjectc
Sub-classes skoo:Sentencec

Problemc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Problem
Description

A state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc

Procedurec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Procedure
Description

A series of acts of practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Processc

Processc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Process
Description

A particular course of action intended to achieve a result.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc
Sub-classes skoo:Procedurec

Proofc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Proof
Description

Any factual evidence or formal series of statements that helps to establish the truth of something.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc
Restrictions skoo:provesop some skoo:Theoremc

Provingc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Proving
Description

Establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment or formal proof.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Questionc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Question
Description

A sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc

Remarkc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Remark
Description

A brief casually expressed thought or opinion.

(source: free dictionary)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Rulec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Rule
Description

A basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Scientific activityc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#SciActivity
Description

Activity whose purpose is the accumulation of knowledge.

Restrictions skoo:generatesop some skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc
Sub-classes skoo:Processc
skoo:Provingc
skoo:Testingc
skoo:Investigationc
skoo:Extractionc
skoo:Estimationc
skoo:Comparisonc
skoo:Observingc
skoo:Executionc
skoo:Analysisc
skoo:Measuringc

Scientific information objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#SciInformationObject
Restrictions skoo:expressesop some skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc
Sub-classes skoo:DiagrammaticObjectc
skoo:FormalExpressionc
skoo:LinguisticObjectc
skoo:BodyOfInformationc

Scientific knowledge itemc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#SciKnowledgeItem
Description

--gf

A subclass (or equivalent class) of dolce:information-object

Information objects are social objects. They are realized by some entity. They are ordered (expressed according to) by some system for information encoding. Consequently, they are dependent from an encoding as well as from a concrete realization.They can express a description (the ontological equivalent of a meaning/conceptualization), can be about any entity, and can be interpreted by an agent.From a communication perspective, an information object can play the role of "message". From a semiotic perspective, it playes the role of "expression".


Knowledge items are information objects that are used scientific fields to convey scientific information

Restrictions skoo:expressedByop some skoo:SciInformationObjectc
skoo:aboutop some skoo:DomainObjectc
Sub-classes skoo:Systemc
skoo:Modelc
skoo:Statementc
skoo:Questionc
skoo:Problemc
skoo:Methodc
skoo:Theoryc

Sentencec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Sentence
Description

A string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Phrasec
Sub-classes skoo:Clausec

Sociological_Objectc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Sociological_Object
Super-classes skoo:DomainObjectc

Statementc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Statement
Description

The act of affirming or asserting or stating something.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc
Sub-classes skoo:Hypothesisc
skoo:Findingc
skoo:Assertionc
skoo:Examplec
skoo:Lawc
skoo:Axiomc
skoo:Theoremc
skoo:Outcomec
skoo:Definitionc
skoo:Assumptionc
skoo:Rulec
skoo:Proofc
skoo:Remarkc
skoo:Observationc

Studyc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Study
Description

The result of the acquisition of knowledge on a subject with the intention of applying it.

(source: wiktionary)

Super-classes skoo:Investigationc

Surveyc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Survey
Description

A detailed critical inspection.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Investigationc

Symbolc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Symbol
Description

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:LanguageDefinitionObjectc

Systemc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#System
Description

A group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc

Techniquec

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Technique
Description

A systematic method applied to some particular task.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Methodc

Termc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Term
Description

A word or expression used in relation to a particular subject, often to describe something official or technical.

(source: Cambridge dictionary)

Super-classes skoo:LinguisticObjectc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Alphabetc

Testingc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Testing
Description

The act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciActivityc

Theoremc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Theorem
Description

A proposition deducible from basic postulates.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:Statementc

Theoryc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Theory
Description

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:SciKnowledgeItemc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Statementc

Vocabularyc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Vocabulary
Description

The stock of words used in a particular field.

(source: wiktionary)

Super-classes skoo:LanguageDefinitionObjectc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Wordc
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Notationc
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Termc

Wordc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#Word
Description

A unit of language that native speakers can identify.

(source: wordnet)

Super-classes skoo:LinguisticObjectc
Restrictions http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPartop some skoo:Alphabetc

other_Domain_Object_Examplesc

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#other_Domain_Object_Examples
Super-classes skoo:DomainObjectc

Object Properties

aboutop

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#about

confirmsop

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#confirms

expressedByop

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#expressedBy
Inverse properties skoo:expressesop

expressesop

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#expresses

generatedByop

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#generatedBy
Inverse properties skoo:generatesop

generatesop

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#generates

provesop

URI http://purl.org/net/skoo#proves

hasPartop

URI http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPart

Annotation Properties

descriptionap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

hasVersionap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion

issuedap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

modifiedap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

publisherap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher

rightsap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights

titleap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

noteap

URI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

Named Individuals

Namespaces

:
http://cui.unige.ch/isi/onto/skoo.owl#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dcam
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/
dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dctype
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/
dolceEd
http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/ExtendedDnS.owl#
dolceInf
http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects.owl#
dolceLite
http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite.owl#
ns
http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
sdo
https://schema.org/
skoo
http://purl.org/net/skoo#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
wn
http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instance/
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Legend

cClasses
opObject Properties
fpFunctional Properties
dpData Properties
dpAnnotation Properties
pProperties
niNamed Individuals